Stress and Physical Consequences
Stress causes multiple interconnected changes in the body’s brain function, immune function, and endocrine function. If these changes are acute and managed the body can return to a balanced state with minimal consequence. Many of the diseases as linked to stress have not had conclusive evidence found for the mechanisms involved. However, the following are related to stress. The immune system is adversely affected by stress. Its function is complex and is impaired by the release of stress related hormones such as, adrenaline secretion. Macrophage activity and interleukin production is also decreased when under stress. This decrease in immune function leaves the chronically stressed person to be more susceptible to infection. The increase in blood pressure the chronic stress causes an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Chronic stress also elevated cholesterol levels and reduces the body’s sensitivity to insulin. Chronic stress has an effect on the gastrointestinal system as well and can lead to spasms in the colon, and increased pain sensitivity. People under chronic stress are often seen for irritable bowel syndrome, Chron’s disease, and general gastric discomfort. Sleep problems are also frequently associated with chronic stress, as is anxiety and depression. Stressful life events such as maternal depression and youths; own history of depression episodes predicted the onset of depression in adolescents.
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